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Writer's pictureAbhilasha Sharma

What is GST? How it works?

Updated: Feb 19


What is GST?

GST stands for Goods and Services Tax, and it is a comprehensive indirect tax levied on the supply of goods and services in India. GST is designed to replace multiple indirect taxes that were previously imposed at both the central and state levels, simplifying the tax structure and promoting a unified and transparent tax system. The GST system was introduced in India on July 1, 2017, marking a significant reform in the country's tax structure.

What are the Key features of GST?


1.Unified Tax Structure:

a. GST replaces a complex system of indirect taxes, including the Central Excise Duty, Service Tax, Value Added Tax (VAT), Central Sales Tax, and others.

b. It unifies these taxes under a single tax structure, promoting ease of compliance and reducing tax cascading.


2.Dual Structure:

a. GST is implemented as a dual tax system, comprising Central GST (CGST) levied by the Central Government and State GST (SGST) levied by individual states.

b. For interstate transactions, an Integrated GST (IGST) is applied, collected by the central government and distributed to the destination state


3. Destination-Based Consumption Tax:

a. GST follows a destination-based consumption tax model, meaning that the tax revenue is collected by the state where the goods or services are consumed.

b. This is in contrast to the earlier tax system, which was origin-based.


4. Tax Slabs:

a. GST is implemented with multiple tax slabs to categorize goods and services based on their nature and consumption patterns.

b. The primary tax slabs include 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%, along with certain goods and services attracting a Nil or exempt rate.


5. Input Tax Credit:

a. Businesses can claim input tax credit on the GST they pay on purchases, reducing the tax liability on the supply of goods or services.

b. Input tax credit helps prevent the cascading effect of taxes on the final consumer.


6. GST Council:

a. The GST Council, consisting of representatives from the Central and State Governments, plays a crucial role in formulating and reviewing GST policies.

b. The Council is responsible for deciding tax rates, exemptions, and other key aspects of the GST framework.


7. Online Filing and Compliance:

a. GST implementation involves online filing of returns and compliance requirements through the GST Network (GSTN) platform.

b. Businesses are required to file periodic returns, and the GSTN facilitates seamless communication between taxpayers and tax authorities.


8. Composition Scheme:

a. Small businesses with a turnover below a specified limit can opt for the Composition Scheme, which allows them to pay a fixed percentage of their turnover as GST and reduces compliance requirements.

b. GST has had a significant impact on the Indian tax landscape, simplifying tax procedures, reducing tax evasion, and promoting a more transparent and efficient taxation system. The introduction of GST was a landmark reform aimed at fostering economic growth and streamlining the tax structure in India.


Steps to register GST:

Registering for Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India involves a series of steps to ensure that businesses comply with the tax regulations. Here are the general steps to register for GST:


Step 1: Determine Eligibility:

Verify whether your business is eligible for GST registration. Generally, businesses with an annual turnover above the prescribed threshold are required to register.


Step 2: Online Application:

  • Visit the official GST portal (https://www.gst.gov.in/) and navigate to the "Services" section.

  • Click on the "Registration" tab and select "New Registration."


Step 3: Fill the GST Registration Form:

  • Complete the GST registration form by providing the required details. The form includes sections for business details, promoters/partners, principal place of business, and additional places of business.


Step 4: Documents and Information:

  • Prepare the necessary documents and information, including:

  • PAN (Permanent Account Number) of the business.

  • Proof of constitution (e.g., partnership deed, registration certificate for companies).

  • Proof of principal place of business (e.g., electricity bill, rent agreement).

  • Bank account details.

  • Authorization forms for authorized signatories.


Step 5: Verification Through OTP:

  • After submitting the online application, an OTP (One-Time Password) is sent to the registered mobile number and email address of the primary authorized signatory.

  • Enter the OTP to verify the application.


Step 6: ARN (Application Reference Number):

  • Once the application is successfully verified, an Application Reference Number (ARN) is generated and sent to the applicant via email and SMS.


Step 7: Processing by Authorities:

  • The GST authorities will review the application and may request additional information or documents if needed.

  • If there are no issues, the GST registration certificate is issued.


Step 8: GST Registration Certificate:

  • Upon approval, the GST registration certificate is made available for download on the GST portal.

  • The certificate contains the GSTIN (GST Identification Number) assigned to the business.


Step 9: Display GSTIN:

  • Display the GSTIN at a prominent place of business and use it on business invoices and correspondence.

Additional Points to Note:

  • Voluntary Registration: Businesses that are not required to register can voluntarily opt for GST registration.

  • Multiple States: If a business operates in multiple states, separate GST registrations may be required for each state.

  • Amendment of Registration: In case of changes in business details, authorized signatories, or other particulars, businesses must update their GST registration.

  • Composition Scheme: Eligible businesses can opt for the Composition Scheme during registration, which involves paying tax at a fixed rate on turnover.

It's important to stay updated with any changes in the GST registration process or requirements, and businesses are encouraged to seek professional advice for specific details related to their circumstances. The GST registration process aims to facilitate compliance and streamline the taxation system for businesses in India.


What is a Letter of Authorisation for GST Registration?

A Letter of Authorization (LOA) for GST registration is a document that grants permission to an individual or entity to act on behalf of another person or business during the Goods and Services Tax (GST) registration process. This authorization allows the appointed person (usually a legal representative or agent) to submit, verify, and undertake various activities related to GST registration on behalf of the principal entity.

Key points regarding the Letter of Authorization for GST Registration:

1.Purpose:

The primary purpose of the Letter of Authorization is to designate a representative who can handle the GST registration process on behalf of the principal entity.

2.Contents of the Letter:

The LOA typically includes details such as the name and address of the principal entity, the name and details of the authorized representative, the scope of authority granted, and any specific instructions or limitations.

3.Authorized Activities:

The letter may specify the activities that the authorized representative is allowed to undertake. This could include filling out the GST registration application form, providing required documents, and communicating with the GST authorities.

4.Submission of Documents:

The authorized representative, with the LOA, may submit documents and information required for GST registration on behalf of the principal entity.

5.Verification Process:

During the GST registration verification process, the GST authorities may contact the authorized representative for clarification or additional information. The LOA serves as evidence of the representative's authority.

6.Legal Standing:

The Letter of Authorization establishes a legal relationship between the principal entity and the authorized representative for the specific purpose of GST registration.

7.Validity:

The LOA is typically valid for the duration of the GST registration process. Once the registration is complete, the authority granted under the LOA may cease unless otherwise specified.

8.Signatory's Authority:

The LOA should be signed by an individual with legal authority within the principal entity, such as a director, partner, or proprietor.

9.Format and Language:

The format and language of the LOA may vary, but it should be clear and unambiguous. It is advisable to draft the letter in a professional manner to ensure its acceptance by the GST authorities.

10.Use in Other Transactions:

In addition to GST registration, a similar letter of authorization may be required for other transactions or dealings where representation is needed.


The Letter of Authorization for GST Registration is a crucial document when a business appoints a representative to handle its GST-related matters. It streamlines the registration process by allowing a designated individual to act on behalf of the business, facilitating a smoother interaction with the GST authorities. Businesses should ensure that the LOA is correctly drafted and complies with the requirements of the GST authorities.


Role of Primary Authorised Signatory in GST Portal?

The Primary Authorized Signatory in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) portal plays a crucial role in managing and representing the business entity in all GST-related matters. The Primary Authorized Signatory is the individual authorized to perform various functions and responsibilities on behalf of the business on the GST portal. Here are the key roles and responsibilities of the Primary Authorized Signatory:

1. Registration and Enrollment:

  • Application Submission: The Primary Authorized Signatory is responsible for submitting the GST registration application on the portal.

  • Verification: The signatory verifies the details provided during the registration process.

2. Filing Returns:

  • Filing GST Returns: The Primary Authorized Signatory is empowered to file various GST returns, including GSTR-1 (outward supplies), GSTR-3B (summary return), and others.

  • Review and Approval: Before filing, the signatory reviews the details and approves the filing of returns.

3. Payments and Refunds:

  • Initiating Payments: The signatory initiates the payment of GST liabilities through the portal.

  • Refund Application: In case of excess payment or eligible refunds, the Primary Authorized Signatory can initiate refund applications.

4. Amendment and Modification:

  • Amendments to Registration: If there are changes in business details, the Primary Authorized Signatory can initiate amendments to the GST registration.

  • Modification of Authorized Signatory: In case of changes in authorized signatories, the Primary Authorized Signatory can modify this information.

5. Communication with Authorities:

  • Communication with GST Authorities: The Primary Authorized Signatory is the designated contact person for communication with GST authorities. Any queries, notices, or communications from authorities are directed to this signatory.

6. Access Control:

  • User Management: The signatory has the authority to manage user access on the GST portal. This includes adding or removing additional authorized signatories and managing their roles.

7. Representation in Legal Matters:

  • Legal Representation: In case of legal proceedings or audits, the Primary Authorized Signatory represents the business entity before GST authorities.

8. Maintaining Compliance:

  • Ensuring Compliance: The Primary Authorized Signatory is responsible for ensuring that the business complies with GST regulations, including timely filing of returns and adherence to tax obligations.

9. Handling Grievances:

  • Grievance Redressal: In case of any issues or grievances related to GST, the Primary Authorized Signatory may be involved in addressing and resolving them.

10. Digital Signature Usage:

  • Digital Signature: If digital signatures are used for authentication, the Primary Authorized Signatory manages and uses the digital signature for signing documents and filings on the portal.

11. Authorization of Representatives:

  • Authorization of Representatives: The Primary Authorized Signatory may have the authority to authorize other individuals as representatives for specific functions on the portal.

Note:

  • The Primary Authorized Signatory is typically the person with the highest legal authority within the business entity, such as the owner, director, or partner.

  • The GST portal provides a secure and centralized platform for the Primary Authorized Signatory to carry out these functions.

Ensuring that the Primary Authorized Signatory is well-informed, compliant, and actively manages GST-related activities is essential for the smooth functioning of the business's GST obligations. It is advisable for businesses to train and appoint individuals with a thorough understanding of GST regulations as Primary Authorized Signatories.


Documents Required for Change in Authorised Signatory in GST?

If there is a change in the authorized signatory for Goods and Services Tax (GST) registration, the business is required to update the information with the GST authorities. Here are the documents generally required for a change in the authorized signatory in GST:

1. Application for Amendment:

  • Submit an application for an amendment to the GST registration. This application is typically made online through the GST portal.

2. Letter of Authorization (LOA):

  • A new Letter of Authorization is required if there is a change in the authorized signatory. The LOA should be signed by the person with the legal authority to represent the business.

3. Proof of Appointment of Authorized Signatory:

  • Provide documents proving the appointment of the new authorized signatory. This could include board resolutions, partnership deeds, or other relevant documents, depending on the business structure.

4. Identity Proof of Authorized Signatory:

  • Submit a valid identity proof of the new authorized signatory. This can include Aadhaar card, passport, voter ID, or any other government-issued identity document.

5. Address Proof of Authorized Signatory:

  • Provide a valid address proof of the new authorized signatory. Documents such as Aadhaar card, passport, utility bills, or rent agreement can be submitted.

6. Photograph of Authorized Signatory:

  • Include a passport-sized photograph of the new authorized signatory.

7. Proof of Appointment in Case of Companies:

  • If the authorized signatory is a director in the case of a company, provide the certificate of incorporation, memorandum of association, articles of association, and other relevant documents.

8. Proof of Appointment in Case of Partnership Firms:

  • In the case of a partnership firm, provide the partnership deed and other relevant documents.

9. Cancelled Cheque or Bank Statement:

  • Submit a cancelled cheque or bank statement as proof of the bank account linked to the GST registration.

10. Digital Signature Certificate (DSC):

  • If the change involves a change in the digital signature certificate, submit the new DSC.

11. Board Resolution (if applicable):

  • In the case of companies, a board resolution authorizing the change in the authorized signatory may be required.

12. Power of Attorney (if applicable):

  • If there is a specific power of attorney granted to the authorized signatory, a copy of the power of attorney may be required.

Note:

  • All documents submitted should be self-attested.

  • The exact requirements may vary, and businesses are advised to check the specific guidelines provided by the GST authorities.

  • The GST portal provides a facility for online submission of documents and details for the change in authorized signatory.

It's crucial to ensure that all documentation is accurate and up-to-date to avoid any disruptions in the GST registration and compliance process. Businesses may seek assistance from professionals or refer to the GST portal for the latest requirements and procedures related to the change in authorized signatory.



How to Change Authorised Signatory in GST


Changing the authorized signatory in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) registration involves a formal process through the GST portal. Here are the steps to change the authorized signatory in GST:

Step 1: Login to the GST Portal:

  • Visit the official GST portal: https://www.gst.gov.in/.

  • Log in to the portal using valid credentials (username and password).

Step 2: Access the "Services" Menu:

  • Once logged in, navigate to the "Services" tab on the dashboard.

Step 3: Choose "Registration" Option:

  • Under the "Services" menu, click on the "Registration" option.

Step 4: Select "Amendment of Registration":

  • From the dropdown menu, choose the "Amendment of Registration" option.

Step 5:Make Changes to Authorized Signatory:

  • Choose the field related to the authorized signatory that needs to be changed.

  • Update the information for the new authorized signatory.

Step 6: Submit Application:

  • After making the necessary changes, submit the application for the change in the authorized signatory.

Step 7: Attach Supporting Documents:

  • Upload the relevant supporting documents for the change, such as the Letter of Authorization (LOA), identity proof, address proof, and any other required documents.

  • Documents should be self-attested.

Step 8: Verification through OTP:

  • The Primary Authorized Signatory (PAS) will receive an OTP (One-Time Password) on the registered mobile number and email address.

  • Enter the OTP to verify the changes.

Step 9: Application Reference Number (ARN):

  • After successful verification, an Application Reference Number (ARN) will be generated and sent to the applicant via email and SMS.

Step 10: Status Tracking:

  • Track the status of the amendment application using the ARN on the GST portal.

  • The status may change from "Pending" to "Approved" once the authorities process the application.

Additional Tips:

  • Ensure that all information provided during the amendment application is accurate and matches the supporting documents.

  • Keep the relevant documents ready, including the updated Letter of Authorization, identity proof, and address proof of the new authorized signatory.

  • The process may vary slightly depending on the specific changes being made and the nature of the business entity (e.g., individual, partnership, company).

  • It is advisable to consult with a tax professional or legal advisor for specific guidance based on the circumstances of the change in the authorized signatory.

It's crucial to promptly update the authorized signatory information to ensure compliance with GST regulations and to avoid any communication or filing issues in the future. Businesses should monitor the status of their amendment applications regularly on the GST portal.



Can One PAN Card Be Used For Two GST Registrations?


The GST registration process in India requires businesses to provide their PAN as a unique identifier. PAN serves as the common link for various registrations, filings, and compliances under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime.

Here are some key points related to the use of PAN for multiple GST registrations:

  1. Centralized PAN for Businesses:

  • PAN is a unique identification number issued by the Income Tax Department, and it serves as a centralized identification for businesses across various tax-related activities, including GST.

  1. Separate GST Registrations:

  • Businesses with multiple business verticals or units may opt for separate GST registrations for each unit. In such cases, while the PAN remains the same, each GST registration will have a unique Goods and Services Tax Identification Number (GSTIN).

  1. Maintaining Separate Accounts:

  • Businesses with multiple GST registrations are typically required to maintain separate accounting records for each registered unit or vertical. This helps in complying with GST rules and facilitating accurate reporting.

  1. Common PAN for Partnership and Proprietorship:

  • In the case of a partnership firm or proprietorship where the business operates in different states, separate GST registrations may be obtained using the same PAN.

  1. Centralized GST Registration for Some Businesses:

  • Certain businesses may have a centralized GST registration even if they operate in multiple states. The decision to have centralized or separate registrations may depend on factors such as the nature of the business and operational structure.

It's important to note that while one PAN can be used for multiple GST registrations, businesses must comply with the specific requirements and guidelines laid out by the GST authorities.

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