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Writer's pictureAbhilasha Sharma

How to file a case for wrongful termination




In the case, "Bank of India vs. T.S. Kelawala, the Supreme Court of India emphasized the need for a fair and reasonable procedure to be followed before terminating an employee. The court held that an employee has a right to be heard before being terminated, and the principles of natural justice must be upheld in employment termination cases.


The concept of wrongful termination has continued to evolve with subsequent judgments, statutory amendments, and the development of labor and employment laws in India. Various laws, including the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and the Labour Laws, have been crucial in addressing issues related to wrongful termination and providing remedies for aggrieved employees.


How to file a case for wrongful termination?


Filing a case for wrongful termination involves specific steps, and it's crucial to follow the legal procedures applicable in your jurisdiction. While the details may vary, here's a general guide on how to file a case for wrongful termination:


Step 1. Understand Wrongful Termination:

Familiarize yourself with the concept of wrongful termination. It generally involves being terminated in violation of employment laws, employment contracts, or public policy.


Step 2. Document the Termination:

Collect and organize all relevant documents, including your employment contract, offer letter, termination letter, emails, performance reviews, and any other communication related to your termination.


Step 3. Identify Legal Violations:

Determine if your termination involves any legal violations. Common grounds for wrongful termination include discrimination, retaliation, violation of employment contracts, and dismissal without proper cause.


Step 4. Consult an Employment Lawyer:

Seek advice from an employment lawyer who specializes in labor and employment law. They can help assess the strength of your case, identify potential legal violations, and guide you through the process.


Step 5. Gather Evidence:

Work with your lawyer to gather evidence supporting your claim. This may include witness statements, emails, performance records, or any other documentation that strengthens your case.


Step 6. File a Complaint with Labor Authorities:

In some jurisdictions, you may be required to file a complaint with labor or employment authorities before pursuing legal action. Check the rules and regulations in your area.


Step 7. Draft a Legal Notice:

Your lawyer can help you draft a legal notice to your former employer outlining the reasons for your claim and demanding appropriate remedies, such as reinstatement or compensation.


Step 8. Initiate Mediation or Negotiation:

Attempt to resolve the matter through mediation or negotiation. Your lawyer can engage with your former employer or their legal representatives to explore a settlement.


Step 9. File a Lawsuit:

If a resolution cannot be reached through negotiation, your lawyer may advise you to file a lawsuit. The lawsuit typically involves drafting a formal complaint outlining the legal grounds for your claim.


Step 10. Attend Court Proceedings:

Participate in court proceedings as required. Your lawyer will guide you through the legal process, which may include discovery, depositions, and hearings.


Step 11. Settlement or Trial:

The case may be resolved through a settlement agreement or proceed to trial. Your lawyer will advocate for your interests throughout the legal proceedings.


Step 12. Follow Legal Deadlines:

Be mindful of legal deadlines for filing complaints and adhering to court procedures. Missing deadlines could adversely affect your case.

Remember, the specifics of filing a case for wrongful termination can vary based on local laws and regulations. Consulting with a qualified employment lawyer is crucial to navigate the legal complexities and build a strong case tailored to your situation.


What are the important case laws related to wrongful termination in India?


Air India vs. Nergesh Meerza (1981):

  • In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that an employer cannot terminate an employee arbitrarily or without any reason. The court emphasized the need for a valid reason for termination and held that the employer must follow principles of natural justice.


Central Inland Water Transport Corporation vs. Brojo Nath Ganguly (1986):

  • This landmark case established the concept of "unfair labor practice." The court held that terminating an employee for participating in union activities amounts to unfair labor practice, and such termination is illegal.


Gujarat Steel Tubes Ltd. vs. Gujarat Steel Tubes Mazdoor Sabha (1980):

  • The Supreme Court in this case emphasized that the power of an employer to terminate services should be exercised fairly and reasonably. Arbitrary or capricious termination was considered invalid.


Fertilizer Corporation Kamgar Union (Regd.), Sindri vs. Union of India (1981):

  • This case addressed the termination of employees in the public sector. The court highlighted that even in cases of termination due to closure of a unit, the principles of natural justice must be followed.


Bank of Baroda vs. M/s. P. S. Rajagopal and Another (1997):

  • This case reinforced the importance of a fair inquiry before terminating an employee. The court emphasized that an inquiry should be conducted before imposing a penalty, and the principles of natural justice must be observed.


M/s. Bhagwati Prasad vs. M/s. Ram Krishna Dal Mills (1977):

  • The Supreme Court, in this case, held that a termination simpliciter (termination without cause) could be set aside if it is mala fide or based on extraneous considerations.


These cases highlight the evolving nature of wrongful termination jurisprudence in India and the significance of principles such as natural justice, fairness, and valid reasons for termination. Keep in mind that legal precedents continue to develop, and it's advisable to consult legal professionals or legal databases for the most recent and applicable cases in the context of wrongful termination


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